We hypothesized that skeletal muscle depletion would occur in patients with weight stability, and that skeletal muscle depletion would be associated with a higher risk of death independently of body weight. In a cohort of patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer (CRC), we determined whether body weight stability was associated with skeletal muscle depletion and whether skeletal muscle depletion was prognostic of death independently of change in body weight. It is unknown if the measurement of skeletal muscle can be used as a vital sign to identify patients at risk of poor outcome who may benefit from anabolic interventions before the onset of significant and often irreversible weight loss ( 14, 15). Despite the development of automated high-throughput methods to phenotype skeletal muscle using clinically acquired computed tomography (CT) images ( 12), these methods have not been integrated into oncology practice ( 13). The depletion of skeletal muscle, including sarcopenia and myosteatosis, is prognostic in patients with cancer ( 9–11). This is relevant to oncology because many patients with cancer are older adults, and aging is associated with decreases in skeletal muscle mass without concomitant changes in body weight ( 8). There is an emerging viewpoint that change in body weight is not sufficiently sensitive to promptly identify clinically meaningful change in body composition, such as skeletal muscle depletion ( 5–7). ![]() Involuntary weight loss of ≥5% is diagnostic of cachexia and associated with poor overall survival ( 2–4). Retrospective cohort study investigating extent of pertussis transmission during a boarding school outbreak, England, December 2017 to June 2018.Cachexia, colorectal neoplasms, obesity, sarcopenia, metabolism, myosteatosis Introductionīody weight is routinely measured in patients with cancer ( 1). Our findings support the need for timely, widespread vaccination following identification of cases among adolescents in a semi-closed United Kingdom (UK) setting and to review the evidence for the introduction of an adolescent pertussis booster to the UK routine vaccination programme. Odds of pertussis were 1.7 times higher in those assumed to have received acellular vaccines for their primary course compared with those assumed to have received whole-cell vaccines (based on date of birth), although this difference was not significant (p = 0.12). A sub-analysis of 409 students found that both residential dormitory (p = 0.05) and school year (p = 0.03) were associated with pertussis, with odds decreasing by 11% for each increase in school year (95% confidence interval: 0.7–20.2). Of 504 students and staff assessed before post-exposure vaccination, 48% (n = 240) had evidence of pertussis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the extent of pertussis transmission and identify risk factors in this semi-closed population. ![]() On, a pertussis outbreak was declared and widespread vaccination recommended at an all-female secondary boarding school in southern England. Integrated surveillance for respiratory viruses.Infectious diseases and migrants in Europe.Hepatitis of unknown origin in children.Emerging multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae related to international travel.
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